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InfoMagic Standards 1994 January
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InfoMagic Standards - January 1994.iso
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1988
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8_2_11.tro
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1991-12-22
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.rs
.\" Troff code generated by TPS Convert from ITU Original Files
.\" Not Copyright (~c) 1991
.\"
.\" Assumes tbl, eqn, MS macros, and lots of luck.
.TA 1c 2c 3c 4c 5c 6c 7c 8c
.ds CH
.ds CF
.EQ
delim @@
.EN
.nr LL 40.5P
.nr ll 40.5P
.nr HM 3P
.nr FM 6P
.nr PO 4P
.nr PD 9p
.po 4P
.rs
\v'|.5i'
.LP
\fBMONTAGE: FIN DU \(sc 2.1.2.1.10 EN\(hyT\*\|ETE DE CETTE PAGE\fR
.sp 1P
.LP
\v'39P'
2.1.2.1.11\ \ \fIDISCONNECT (from ET)\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
In the case of clearing by the network, the local exchange
transmits the DISCONNECT message via the D\(hychannel to the terminal which
has to be cleared. After reception of the DISCONNECT message in the TA,
the TA
transmits a RELEASE message on the D\(hychannel to the exchange\fR .
.EF '% Fascicle\ VIII.2\ \(em\ Rec.\ X.30''
.OF '''Fascicle\ VIII.2\ \(em\ Rec.\ X.30 %'
.PP
If the X.21 interface is in the call establishment phase and has not yet
reached state\ 11 or\ 12, and if the DISCONNECT message contains the reasons
for clearing, the TA moves to state\ 7 and transmits the corresponding
call
progress signal prior to signalling the DCE clear indication
(see \(sc\ 2.1.5).
.PP
Otherwise the TA transmits the state r\ =\ 0, i\ =\ OFF (DCE clear
indication) via the X.21 interface to the DTE, which sends back to the
TA the state t\ =\ 0, c\ =\ OFF (DTE clear confirmation).
.PP
The procedure described above is not shown in the Figures\ 2\(hy6/X.30
and 2\(hy7/X.30.
.bp
.RT
.LP
.rs
.sp 47P
.ad r
\fBFigure\ 2\(hy6/X.30, (N), p. 1\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ad b
.RT
.LP
.bp
.LP
.rs
.sp 47P
.ad r
\fBFigure\ 2\(hy7/X.30, (N), p. 2\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ad b
.RT
.LP
.bp
.sp 1P
.LP
2.1.2.1.12\ \ \fIRELEASE COMPLETE (from ET)\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
When the RELEASE COMPLETE message is received via the D\(hychannel at the
S/T reference point in the TA of the cleared DTE, the DCE ready state
(state\ 21\ =\ 1, OFF) and the DTE ready state (state\ 1\ =\ 1, OFF) are
entered.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
2.1.2.2
\fIX.21\|bis (direct call)\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
See Figures 2\(hy8/X.30 and 2\(hy9/X.30.
.PP
\fINote\fR \ \(em\ The Figures 2\(hy8/X.30 and 2\(hy9/X.30 depict some
examples of
X.21\|\fIbis\fR support. Only the conditions on principal interchange circuits
have been shown and options such as the use of circuits 105/109, 108.2,\
etc., have not been included. X.21\|\fIbis\fR /Q.931 mapping is for further
study.
.RT
.LP
.rs
.sp 40P
.ad r
\fBFigure\ 2\(hy8/X.30, (MC), p. 3\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ad b
.RT
.LP
.bp
.LP
.rs
.sp 42P
.ad r
\fBFigure\ 2\(hy9/X.30, (MC), p. 4\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ad b
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
2.1.3
\fICall offering procedure in a multiterminal configuration\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
For a call offering procedure in a multiterminal configuration, the following
general description applies:
.PP
In case of a multiterminal configuration, an incoming call
(SETUP\| message containing appropriate service indication information) is
offered according to Recommendation\ Q.931.
.PP
When a SETUP mesage is received on the D\(hychannel of the S/T
reference point the TA shall follow the procedures for determining
compatibility checking (e.g.\ data signalling rate) found in
Recommendation\ Q.931. If the TA determines that it can respond to the
incoming call, it follows the procedures or Recommendation\ Q.931. It is
expected that
the ALTERTING message would only be used by terminals that answer
manually.
.bp
.RT
.LP
.rs
.sp 47P
.ad r
\fBFigure\ 2\(hy10/X.30, (MC), p.\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ad b
.RT
.LP
.bp
.PP
If the TA supports a compatible terminal, but cannot accept the
call, because the terminal is not in the ready state, a RELEASE COMPLETE
message has to be returned by the TA (see Figure\ 2\(hy11/X.30). If the
state of
the terminal is:
.LP
a)
controlled not ready, then the RELEASE COMPLETE message
has cause 21, \*Qcall rejected\*U;
.LP
b)
uncontrolled not ready, then the RELEASE COMPLETE message
has cause 27, \*Qdestination out of order\*U;
.LP
c)
busy, then the RELEASE COMPLETE message
has cause 17, \*Quser busy\*U
.LP
.rs
.sp 30P
.ad r
\fBFigure\ 2\(hy11/X.30, (MC), p.\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ad b
.RT
.PP
This message is forwarded to the calling side to provide the
appropriate X.21 call progress signals. Its mapping in the calling TA is
described in \(sc\ 2.1.5.
.PP
If more than one TA has responded, the message to be forwarded,
including the cause to be indicated, is derived according to the priority
rules of Recommendation\ Q.931.
.PP
In case several TAs have accepted the incoming call by returning a
CONNECT message, the TA selected by the network receives the CONNECT
ACKNOWLEDGE message. The TAs not selected for the call are cleared by the
network by means of a RELEASE message
.PP
In a multiterminal configuration, a number of terminals and terminal adaptors
can be contending for access to the D\(hychannel. The contention
resolution mechanism may result in delays of the outgoing signalling messages
and could therefore affect the call set\(hyup time. Call failure information
transmission to the calling side may be delayed also by the priority rule
procedure mentioned above.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
2.1.4
\fIReady for data alignment\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
The task of synchronizing the entry to and exit from the data
transfer phase between two subscriber terminals shall be performed by the
terminal adaptors and subscriber terminals. For this purpose the X.21
procedure with inslot handshaking shall be used.
.bp
.PP
Two cases exist, one where the called TA supports only one data user rate
and the other where the called TA will adapt to the data user rate of the
calling TA.
.PP
In the following only the case of single rate TA is described.
.PP
The functions necessary for
multiple rate TA
(
universal
TA
) are described in Appendix\ I.
.PP
For a single rate TA a symmetrical procedure is performed (see
Figure\ 2\(hy12/X.30):
.RT
.LP
.rs
.sp 32P
.ad r
\fBFigure\ 2\(hy12/X.30, (MC), p.\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ad b
.RT
.PP
Both TAs shall check the signal of their receive B\(hychannel for the frame
alignment bit pattern.
.PP
After frame alignment detection in the B\(hychannel, the TA shall connect
the B\(hychannel through to its terminal (DTE) immediately before the C\(hylead
is
scanned. From this point onwards the 1/ON condition from the DTE will be
transmitted towards the distant DTE. Depending on the state of the distant
end, either 1/OFF is received from the distant TA or 1/ON from the distant
DTE.
Reception of r\ =\ 1, i\ =\ OFF denotes the state \*Qconnection in progress\*U
(state\ 11), reception of r\ =\ 1, i\ =\ ON denotes the state \*Qready
for data\*U
(state\ 12).
.PP
After switching through the B\(hychannel by the TA, transmission of data
and status in the data phase is continued and clearing down can be synchronized
between the subscriber terminals by means of clear request.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
2.1.5
\fIMapping of Q.931 causes to X.21 call progress signals\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
In several cases it will be necessary to map causes from Q.931 to X.21.
The TA shall use Table\ 2\(hy2/X.30 to map the causes from Q.931 messages
to X.21 call progress signals.
.bp
.PP
\fINote\fR \ \(em\ Since one\(hyto\(hyone mapping of Q.931 causes and X.21 call
progress signals is not possible in all cases, some of the entries in
Table\ 2\(hy2/X.30 may not convey exactly the same meaning.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
2.1.6
\fIAdditional information for handling of exception situations\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
When the call is cleared prematurely or a call failure occurs, the rules
of Section\ 5.8 of Recommendation\ Q.931 and of Recommendation\ X.21 apply.
The following procedures are derived for the mutual mapping between the\
R and the\ S/T reference points.
.RT
.ce
\fBH.T. [1T4.30]\fR
.ce
TABLE\ 2\(hy2/X.30
.ce
\fBMapping of Q.931 cause fields to X.21 call progress signals\fR
.ps 9
.vs 11
.nr VS 11
.nr PS 9
.TS
center box;
cw(18p) | cw(90p) | cw(18p) | cw(84p) | cw(18p) .
Item Q.931 cause Code T{
X.21 call progress
signal significance
T} Code
_
.T&
cw(18p) | lw(90p) | cw(18p) | lw(84p) | cw(18p) .
\ 1 T{
Unassigned or unallocated number
T} \ \ 1 Not obtainable 43
_
.T&
cw(18p) | lw(90p) | cw(18p) | lw(84p) | cw(18p) .
\ 2 No route to destination \ \ 3 Not obtainable 43
_
.T&
cw(18p) | lw(90p) | cw(18p) | lw(84p) | cw(18p) .
\ 3 Channel unacceptable \ \ 6 Not obtainable 43
_
.T&
cw(18p) | lw(90p) | cw(18p) | lw(84p) | cw(18p) .
\ 4 Normal clearing \ 16 Not applicable
_
.T&
cw(18p) | lw(90p) | cw(18p) | lw(84p) | cw(18p) .
\ 5 User busy \ 17 Number busy 21
_
.T&
cw(18p) | lw(90p) | cw(18p) | lw(84p) | cw(18p) .
\ 6 No user responding \ 18 No connection 20
_
.T&
cw(18p) | lw(90p) | cw(18p) | lw(84p) | cw(18p) .
\ 7 User alerting, no answer \ 19 No connection 20
_
.T&
cw(18p) | lw(90p) | cw(18p) | lw(84p) | cw(18p) .
\ 8 Call rejected \ 21 Controlled not ready 45
_
.T&
cw(18p) | lw(90p) | cw(18p) | lw(84p) | cw(18p) .
\ 9 Number changed \ 22 Changed number 42
_
.T&
cw(18p) | lw(90p) | cw(18p) | lw(84p) | cw(18p) .
10 Destination out of order \ 27 Uncontrolled not ready 46
_
.T&
cw(18p) | lw(90p) | cw(18p) | lw(84p) | cw(18p) .
11 T{
Invalid number format (Incomplete number)
T} \ 28 T{
Selection signals procedure error
T} 22
_
.T&
cw(18p) | lw(90p) | cw(18p) | lw(84p) | cw(18p) .
12 Normal, unspecified \ 31 Not applicable
_
.T&
cw(18p) | lw(90p) | cw(18p) | lw(84p) | cw(18p) .
13 No circuit/channel available \ 34 No connection 20
_
.T&
cw(18p) | lw(90p) | cw(18p) | lw(84p) | cw(18p) .
14 Network out of order \ 38 Out of order 44
_
.T&
cw(18p) | lw(90p) | cw(18p) | lw(84p) | cw(18p) .
15 Temporary failure \ 41 Out of order 44
_
.T&
cw(18p) | lw(90p) | cw(18p) | lw(84p) | cw(18p) .
16 T{
Switching equipment congestion
T} \ 42 Network congestion 61
_
.T&
cw(18p) | lw(90p) | cw(18p) | lw(84p) | cw(18p) .
17 T{
Requested circuit or channel not available
T} \ 44 No connection 20
_
.T&
cw(18p) | lw(90p) | cw(18p) | lw(84p) | cw(18p) .
18 T{
Resources unavailable, unspecified
T} \ 47 Network congestion 61
_
.T&
cw(18p) | lw(90p) | cw(18p) | lw(84p) | cw(18p) .
19 T{
Quality of service unavailable
T} \ 49 Not applicable
_
.T&
cw(18p) | lw(90p) | cw(18p) | lw(84p) | cw(18p) .
20 T{
Bearer capability not authorized
T} \ 57 T{
Incompatible user class of service
T} 52
_
.T&
cw(18p) | lw(90p) | cw(18p) | lw(84p) | cw(18p) .
21 T{
Bearer capability not presently available
T} \ 58 Network congestion 61
_
.T&
cw(18p) | lw(90p) | cw(18p) | lw(84p) | cw(18p) .
22 T{
Service or option not available, unspecified
T} \ 63 No connection 20
_
.T&
cw(18p) | lw(90p) | cw(18p) | lw(84p) | cw(18p) .
23 T{
Bearer service not implemented
T} \ 65 Invalid facility request 48
_
.T&
cw(18p) | lw(90p) | cw(18p) | lw(84p) | cw(18p) .
24 Channel type not implemented \ 66 Invalid facility request 48
_
.T&
cw(18p) | lw(90p) | cw(18p) | lw(84p) | cw(18p) .
25 T{
Service or option not implemented, unspecified
T} \ 79 Invalid facility request 48
_
.T&
cw(18p) | lw(90p) | cw(18p) | lw(84p) | cw(18p) .
26 Invalid call reference value \ 81 Not obtainable 43
_
.T&
cw(18p) | lw(90p) | cw(18p) | lw(84p) | cw(18p) .
27 T{
Identified channel does not exist
T} \ 82 Not obtainable 43
_
.TE
.nr PS 9
.RT
.ad r
\fBTableau 2\(hy2/X.30 [1T4.30], p. 8\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ad b
.RT
.LP
.bp
.ce
\fBH.T. [2T4.30]\fR
.ce
TABLE\ 2\(hy2/X.30\ \fI(cont.)\fR
.ps 9
.vs 11
.nr VS 11
.nr PS 9
.TS
center box;
cw(18p) | cw(90p) | cw(18p) | cw(84p) | cw(18p) .
Item Q.931 cause Code T{
X.21 call progress
signal significance
T} Code
_
.T&
cw(18p) | lw(90p) | cw(18p) | lw(84p) | cw(18p) .
28 Incompatible destination \ 88 Not obtainable 43
_
.T&
cw(18p) | lw(90p) | cw(18p) | lw(84p) | cw(18p) .
29 Invalid message \ 95 T{
Selection signal transmission error
T} 23
_
.T&
cw(18p) | lw(90p) | cw(18p) | lw(84p) | cw(18p) .
30 T{
Mandatory information element is missing
T} \ 96 T{
Selection signal procedure error
T} 22
_
.T&
cw(18p) | lw(90p) | cw(18p) | lw(84p) | cw(18p) .
31 T{
Message type non existent or not implemented
T} \ 97 T{
Selection signal procedure error
T} 22
_
.T&
cw(18p) | lw(90p) | cw(18p) | lw(84p) | cw(18p) .
32 T{
Message not compatible with call state, message type non existent or not implemented
T} \ 98 T{
Selection signal procedure error
T} 22
_
.T&
cw(18p) | lw(90p) | cw(18p) | lw(84p) | cw(18p) .
33 T{
Information element non existent, not implemented
T} \ 99 T{
Selection signal procedure error
T} 22
_
.T&
cw(18p) | lw(90p) | cw(18p) | lw(84p) | cw(18p) .
34 T{
Invalid information element contents
T} 100 T{
Selection signal transmission error
T} 23
_
.T&
cw(18p) | lw(90p) | cw(18p) | lw(84p) | cw(18p) .
35 T{
Message not compatible with call state
T} 101 T{
Selection signal procedure error
T} 22
_
.T&
cw(18p) | lw(90p) | cw(18p) | lw(84p) | cw(18p) .
36 Recovery on timer expiry 102 Not obtainable 43
_
.T&
cw(18p) | lw(90p) | cw(18p) | lw(84p) | cw(18p) .
37 Protocol error, unspecified 111 T{
Selection signal procedure error
T} 42
_
.T&
cw(18p) | lw(90p) | cw(18p) | lw(84p) | cw(18p) .
38 Interworking, unspecified 127 RPOA out of order 72
_
.TE
.nr PS 9
.RT
.ad r
\fBTableau 2\(hy2/X.30 (suite) [2T4.30], p. 9\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ad b
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
.sp 1
2.1.6.1
\fICall collision\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
Call collision may occur at both sides of the TA, at the X.21
interface and at the S/T reference point.
.PP
\fINote\fR \ \(em\ Call collision for the X.21 \fIbis\fR and X.20 \fIbis\fR
interfaces is for further study.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
2.1.6.1.1
\fICall collision at the X.21 interface\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
The TA shall accept an incoming SETUP message when the X.21
interface is in the READY state.
.PP
When at the X.21 interface a call collision is detected (TA sends
incoming call, X.21 DTE sends call request) the TA will indicate
proceed\(hyto\(hyselect and cancel the incoming call.
.PP
\fINote\fR \ \(em\ As an alternative the TA may send a DCE clear indication
and when in the READY state resend the incoming call.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
2.1.6.1.2
\fICall collision at the S/T reference point\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
In the event of call collision at the S/T reference point the
procedures defined in Q.931 shall apply.
.bp
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
2.1.6.2
\fINo channel available\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
If no channel including no B\(hychannel at the S/T reference point is available
for connection establishment, an outgoing SETUP message is answered from
the ET by a RELEASE COMPLETE message with the cause\ 34 = no channel
available. This is mapped at the X.21 interface into the call progress
signal 20\ = no connection, followed by DCE clear indication.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
2.1.6.3
\fIPremature clearing\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
A DTE may initiate the clearing procedure at any time by
transmitting a DTE clear request at the X.21 interface, as described in
\(sc\ 2.1.2.1.9. If no connection exists between DTEs, at the distant station,
the procedure described in \(sc\ 2.1.2.1.11 will apply.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
2.1.6.4
\fINo answer to outgoing SETUP\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
If an outgoing SETUP is not answered by the ET, the DTE will, after the
time\(hyout of timer T2 (20\ s), initiate the clearing procedure by
transmitting
DTE clear request. The TA, in its S/T reference point, will send a RELEASE
COMPLETE message (cause code\ 31: normal, unspecified). On its X.21\ interface,
it will transmit DCE clear confirmation.
.PP
On the other hand, if a TA is provided with the optional timer T303
(Q.931) it may start the clearing procedure at the S/T reference point as
above by transmitting RELEASE COMPLETE (cause code\ 102: recovery on timer
expiry). At the X.21 interface, the TA sends the call progress signal 43\
= not obtainable, followed by DCE clear indication.
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
2.2
\fITerminal adaption functions\fR \fIfor DTEs conforming to X.1\fR \fIuser
class of service\ 7\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
2.2.1
\fIRate adaption functions\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
For rate adaption from X.1 user classes of services 3\(hy6 to
64\ kbit/s a 40\ bit frame has been adopted (see Figure\ 2\(hy2/X.30).
Within this
frame 24 data bits can be transmitted which may be allocated to three bit
groups P, Q and R each bit group containing 8\ bits.
.PP
An equivalent approach, with the optional possibility of character
alignment also for the X.1 user rate of 48\ kbit/s, shall be used. To implement
this approach an appropriate frame structure for this rate is defined.
Table\ 2\(hy3/X.30 shows this frame which contains the octets\ 1, 2, 3 and\ 4
(framing of 24\ data bits).
.PP
Octet alignment is performed by means of the 8\ kHz timing.
.RT
.ce
\fBH.T. [T5.30]\fR
.ce
TABLE\ 2\(hy3/X.30
.T&
lw(36p) | lw(18p) | lw(18p) | lw(18p) | lw(18p) | lw(18p) | lw(18p) | lw(18p)
| lw(18p) .
.TE
.nr PS 9
.RT
.ad r
\fBTable 2\(hy3/X.30 [T5.30], p.\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ad b
.RT
.LP
.bp
.PP
The frame alignment pattern consists of 10111011 in bit 1
of consecutive octets which are received from the 64\ kbit/s stream. This
frame alignment pattern also will be used for \fIready for data\fR alignment
(see
\(sc\ 2.1.4) and for user rate identification (see Appendix\ II).
.PP
For user rate identification the following algorithm shall apply
(see also Recommendation\ V.110):
.RT
.LP
\(em
search for the bit pattern .\|.\|.\ 10111011\ .\|.\|.
in bit 1 of consecutive octets which are received from the 64\ kbit/s
stream;
.LP
\(em
if this search is successful then the user rate is
48\ kbit/s.
.PP
\fINote\fR \ \(em\ For international interworking, bit\ X must be set to\
1. This bit may be used for other purposes in a national network.
.sp 1P
.LP
2.2.2
\fIX.21/X.21\|bis to D\(hychannel protocol mapping\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
The X.21/X.21\|\fIbis\fR \| mapping functions are given in
\(sc\ 2.1.2.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
2.2.3
\fICall offering procedure in a multiterminal configuration\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
As per \(sc\ 2.1.3.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
2.2.4
\fIReady for data alignment\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
As per \(sc\ 2.1.4.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
2.2.5
\fIMapping of Q.931 causes to X.21 call progress signals\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
As per \(sc\ 2.1.4.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
2.2.6
\fIAdditional information for handling of exception situations\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
As per \(sc\ 2.1.6.
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
2.3
\fITerminal adaption functions for DTEs conforming to X.1 user\fR \fIclass
of service\ 19\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
2.3.1
\fIRate adaptation functions\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
It is assumed that in the case of a TA supporting only 64 kbit/s, no rate
adaptation and no user rate identification is necessary. The procedure
in the case of a universal TA is for further study (see Appendix\ I).
.PP
\fINote\fR \ \(em\ It is recognized that the \fIall ones\fR \| condition
could be
produced by the alarm indication signal (AIS). The implication of this on
D\(hychannel signalling requires further study.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
2.3.2
\fIX.21/X.21\|bis to D\(hychannel protocol mapping\fR \| (see Figure\
2\(hy6/X.30 and\ 2\(hy7/X.30)
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
The following sections are titled with the names of the Q.931
signalling messages at the S/T reference point.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
2.3.2.1
\fISETUP (from TA)\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
In \fIready\fR \| state (state 1) both DTE and TA transmit (1, OFF) via
the X.21\(hyinterface.
.PP
When the calling DTE indicates a \fIcall request\fR \| (state 2, r\ =\ 0,
i\ =\ ON)
at the X.21\(hyinterface, the TA transmits a \fIproceed to select\fR signal
(state\ 3) to the DTE (r\ =\ +, i\ =\ OFF) . The DTE begins to send \fIselection\fR
signals to the TA (state\ 4).
.PP
When an \fIend of selection\fR \| (r\ =\ +, i\ =\ ON) is received at the
R\(hyinterface, the TA transmits a SETUP message via the D\(hychannel of the
S\(hyinterface.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
2.3.2.2
\fICALL PROCEEDING/SETUP ACKNOWLEDGE\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
When the CALL PROCEEDING or SETUP ACKNOWLEDGED message is
received on the D\(hychannel of the S\(hyinterface, the B\(hychannel will
be allocated and the TA transmits all zeros via the B\(hychannel at the
S/T reference
point.
.bp
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
2.3.2.3
\fIALERTING (from ET)\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
ALERTING is generally used with manual answering.
.PP
When an ALERTING message is received on the D\(hychannel of the
S\(hyinterface, the TA transmits \fIcall progress\fR \| signals (state\
7) to the
calling DTE.
.PP
Afterwards the state DCE waiting (state 6A, r = SYN, i\ =\ OFF) is
entered at the X.21\(hyinterface.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
2.3.2.4
\fICONNECT (from ET)\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
When a CONNECT message is received on the D\(hychannel at the S/T
reference point, the TA may transmit \fIDCE\(hyprovided information\fR
(state\ 10) to the calling DTE. Afterwards the state \fIconnection in progress\fR
(state\ 11) is
entered at the X.21\(hyinterface.
.PP
The alignment pattern procedure is entered as described in
\(sc\ 2.3.4.1.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
2.3.2.5
\fISETUP (from ET)\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
The TA shall not accept a SETUP message unless the X.21\(hyinterface is
in the ready state (state\ 1).
.PP
When a SETUP message is received on the D\(hychannel of the S\(hyinterface,
the TA shall follow the procedures for determining compatibility checking
(e.g.\ data signalling rate) found in Recommendation\ Q.931. If the TA
determines that it can respond to the incoming call, it follows the procedures
of
Recommendation\ Q.931. It is expected that the ALERTING message would only be
used by terminals that answer manually.
.PP
The TA transmits an incoming call (BEL, OFF) via the X.21\(hyinterface
to the called DTE, and the \fIincoming call\fR \| state (state\ 8) is entered.
.PP
In the case of a multiterminal configuration the incoming call
point\(hyto\(hymultipoint operation is described in \(sc\ 2.1.3.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
2.3.2.6
\fICONNECT (from TA)\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
When a \fIcall accepted\fR \| (state 9 = 1, ON) is received from the
called DTE, the TA transmits a CONNECT message via the D\(hychannel at the
S/T reference point.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
2.3.2.7
\fICONNECT ACKNOWLEDGE (from ET)\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
When a CONNECT ACKNOWLEDGE message is received on the D\(hychannel of the
S reference point the TA, selected by this message, signals \fIconnection
in\fR \fIprogress\fR (1,\ OFF, state\ 11) to the DTE after delivering DCE\(hyprovided
information if any.
.PP
The alignment pattern procedure is entered as described in
\(sc\ 2.3.4.1.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
2.3.2.8
\fIRELEASE (from ET)\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
In the case of a multiterminal configuration the exchange sends the \fIRELEASE\fR
message to each TA that had signalled CALL PROCEEDING, ALERTING\fR or CONNECT
but which was not selected for the call. Subsequently the TA performs the
\fIDCE\fR \fIclear indication\fR procedure at the X.21\(hyinterface and
sends a
RELEASE COMPLETE message to the exchange.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
2.3.2.9
\fIDISCONNECT (from TA)\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
When a DTE indicates \fIDTE clear request\fR \| (r = 0, i = OFF,
state\ 16), the TA transmits \fIDCE clear confirmation\fR (r\ =\ 0, i\
=\ OFF, state\ 17) via the X.21\(hyinterface and transmits a DISCONNECT
message via the D\(hychannel of the S\(hyinterface and tears down the B\(hychannel.
.PP
After reception of RELEASE on the D\(hychannel, the TA releases the call
reference, sends RELEASE ACKNOWLEDGE to the exchange on the D\(hychannel
and
transmits \fIDCE ready\fR (r\ =\ 1, i\ =\ OFF) to the DTE. The DTE then
enters the
\fIDTE ready\fR state (t\ =\ 1, c\ =\ OFF).
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
2.3.2.10
\fIDISCONNECT (from ET)\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
In the case of clearing by the network the local exchange transmits the
DISCONNECT message via the D\(hychannel to the terminal which has to be
cleared. After reception of the DISCONNECT message in the TA, the TA
transmits a RELEASE message on the D\(hychannel to the exchange.
.PP
On the other hand the TA transmits the state 19, r\ =\ 0, i\ =\ OFF (\fIDCE\fR
\fIclear indication\fR ) via the X.21\(hyinterface to the DTE, which sends
back to the TA the state 20, t\ =\ 0, c\ =\ OFF (\fIDTE clear confirmation\fR
).
.bp
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
2.3.2.11
\fIRELEASE COMPLETE (from ET)\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
When the RELEASE COMPLETE message is received via the
D\(hychannel of the S/T reference point in the TA, the \fIDCE ready\fR state
(state\ 21\ =\ 1, OFF) and the \fIDTE\ ready\fR state (state\ 1, r\ =\
1, i\ =\ OFF) is
entered.
.PP
The procedure described above is not shown in Figures\ 2\(hy6/X.30
and\ 2\(hy7/X.30.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
2.3.3
\fICall offering procedure in a multiterminal configuration\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
As per \(sc\ 2.1.3.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
2.3.4
\fIReady for data alignment\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
For \fIready for data\fR \| alignment on entering and leaving the \fIdata\fR
\fItransfer\fR phase between two terminals operating at 64\ kbit/s the
following
procedure shall apply (see Figure\ 2\(hy13/X.30).
.RT
.LP
.rs
.sp 35P
.ad r
\fBFigure\ 2\(hy13/X.30, (N), p.\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ad b
.RT
.LP
.bp
.sp 1P
.LP
2.3.4.1
\fIEntering the data transfer phase\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
At the time the called TA has received the CONNECT ACKNOWLEDGE
message and delivered the DCE provided information, if any, the called
terminal is in the state\ 11 (\fIconnection in progress\fR ). The \fIready
for data\fR alignment procedure begins by continuous sending of the alignment
pattern \fIall\ ones\fR at the called side.
.PP
All zeros should be returned via the allocated B\(hychannel to the
calling party while DCE provided information is sent to the called party.
Following the completion of DCE provided information the all ones signals
should be transmitt ed via the B\(hychannel.
.PP
After the calling adaptor has received a CONNECT mesage and delivered the
DCE provided information to the calling DTE, if any, the X.21\(hyinterface
is in the state connection in progress (state\ 11). If the calling adaptor
now has recognized 24\ bits of the alignment
pattern, it knows that the through\(hyconnections are established in the
network and it sends the same pattern in the forward direction. After 24\
bits have been sent, the calling TA indicates \fIready for data\fR (state\
12 r\ =\ 1, i\ =\ ON) for
exact 16\ bits, then performs the connection of the B\(hychannel to the
T\(hy\ and
R\(hyleads.
.PP
When the called adaptor, while sending the alignment pattern, has
recognized 24\ bits of the alignment pattern from the calling adaptor, it
indicates to the DTE \fIready for data\fR (state\ 12\ =\ 1,\ ON) for exact
16\ bits, then performs the connection of the B\(hychannel to the T\(hy\ and
R\(hyleads.
.PP
When the byte timing is provided at the X.21 interface, the transition
from OFF to ON on the I\(hylead is performed on an octet boundary, complying
with Recommendation\ X.24.
.PP
If the alignment pattern has not been received by the calling
adaptor before end of time\(hyout \(*h\dx\uthe calling adaptor indicates
\fIready for\fR \fIdata\fR (r\ =\ 1, i\ =\ ON) for exact 16\ bits, then
performs the connection of
the B\(hychannel to T\(hy\ and R\(hyleads.
.PP
If the alignment pattern has not been received by the called
adaptor before end of time\(hyout \(*h\dy\uthe called adaptor indicates
\fIready for\fR \fIdata\fR (r\ =\ 1, i\ =\ ON) for exact 16\ bits, then
performs the connection of
the B\(hychannel to T\(hy\ and R\(hyleads.
.PP
The values of \(*h\dx\u(provisional value 1 s) and \(*h\dy\u(provisional
value 2\ s) should cater for time propagation delays on the longest hypothetical
reference connection and require further study.
.PP
Optionally, earlier switch\(hythrough may occur in the TAs (i.e. the TA
does not wait for the expiry of time outs \(*h\dx\uand \(*h\dy\u).
In this case DTE information sent after the \fIready for data\fR on the
X.21 interface may be lost due to the lack of end\(hyto\(hyend alignment.
Since no
\fIready for data\fR alignment takes place after the connect\(hythrough
in the TAs, a DTE to DTE synchronization must be performed by an end\(hyto\(hyend
procedure between the two DTEs at higher layers.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
2.3.4.2
\fILeaving the data transfer phase\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
It is not possible to leave the data transfer phase using the
synchronization method, because transparency is needed. The cleared terminal
should see the end of its communication before the \fIclear\fR message
is received. However, anything it sends at this stage would be ignored.
Higher level
protocols are necessary to resolve these problems.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
2.3.5
\fIMapping of Q.931 causes to X.21 call progress signals\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
As per \(sc\ 2.1.5.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
2.3.6
\fIAdditional Information for handling of exception\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
Situations as per \(sc\ 2.1.6 , \(sc\ 2.1.6.3 \*Qpremature
clearing\*U.
.RT
.LP
2.4
\fITerminal adaption functions for DTEs conforming to X.1 user\fR \fIclasses
of service 1 and 2 (asynchronous operation)\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
2.4.1
\fIRate adaption functions\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
2.4.1.1
\fIGeneral approach\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
The rate adaption functions within the TA are shown in
Figure\ 2\(hy14/X.30. A three\(hystage method is employed with the functional
blocks\ RA0, RA1 and RA2. The RA0 function is an asynchronous\(hyto\(hysynchronous
conversion stage using the same technique as defined in Recommendation\
V.14 for support of\ X.1 user rates. It produces a synchronous bit stream
defined by
2\|\un\d times 600\ bit/s (where n\ =\ 0 to\ 4). The function RA1 adapts the
intermediate RA0 user rate to the next higher rate expressed by 2\uk\d times
8\ kbit/s (where k\ =\ 0 or\ 1). RA2 performs a second conversion to
64\ kbit/s.
.bp
.RT
.LP
.rs
.sp 12P
.ad r
\fBFigure\ 2\(hy14/X.30, (N), p.\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ad b
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
2.4.1.2
\fISupported asynchronous user rates\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
.sp 1
.ce
.line
.ce
.line
.ce
Formules: 0
.ce
.parag
.ce
.line
.ce
\fB(82.TA.240.E) \fR
.ce
.ce
Fascicule VIII.2
.ce
.parag
.ce
.ce
(A1)
.ce
TABLEAUX 3
.ce
.parag
.ce
.line
.ce
Pr\*'eparation
.ce
19.01.89
.ce
AF
.ce
.parag
.ce
Codification
.ce
23.01.89
.ce
ZR
.ce
.parag
.ce
Saisie
.ce
23.01.89
.ce
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.ce
.parag
.ce
Corr. l\*`ere \*'epreuve
.ce
31.01.89
.ce
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.ce
.parag
.ce
Corr. 2e \*'epreuve (sans corr.)
.ce
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.ce
.parag
.ce
MAJ s/disquette
.ce
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.ce
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.ce
\fBH.T. [1T4.30]\fR
.ce
TABLE\ 2\(hy2/X.30
.ce
\fBMapping of Q.931 cause fields to X.21 call progress signals\fR
.ps 9
.vs 11
.nr VS 11
.nr PS 9
.TS
center box;
cw(18p) | cw(90p) | cw(18p) | cw(84p) | cw(18p) .
Item Q.931 cause Code T{
X.21 call progress
signal significance
T} Code
_
.T&
cw(18p) | lw(90p) | cw(18p) | lw(84p) | cw(18p) .
\ 1 T{
Unassigned or unallocated number
T} \ \ 1 Not obtainable 43
_
.T&
cw(18p) | lw(90p) | cw(18p) | lw(84p) | cw(18p) .
\ 2 No route to destination \ \ 3 Not obtainable 43
_
.T&
cw(18p) | lw(90p) | cw(18p) | lw(84p) | cw(18p) .
\ 3 Channel unacceptable \ \ 6 Not obtainable 43
_
.T&
cw(18p) | lw(90p) | cw(18p) | lw(84p) | cw(18p) .
\ 4 Normal clearing \ 16 Not applicable
_
.T&
cw(18p) | lw(90p) | cw(18p) | lw(84p) | cw(18p) .
\ 5 User busy \ 17 Number busy 21
_
.T&
cw(18p) | lw(90p) | cw(18p) | lw(84p) | cw(18p) .
\ 6 No user responding \ 18 No connection 20
_
.T&
cw(18p) | lw(90p) | cw(18p) | lw(84p) | cw(18p) .
\ 7 User alerting, no answer \ 19 No connection 20
_
.T&
cw(18p) | lw(90p) | cw(18p) | lw(84p) | cw(18p) .
\ 8 Call rejected \ 21 Controlled not ready 45
_
.T&
cw(18p) | lw(90p) | cw(18p) | lw(84p) | cw(18p) .
\ 9 Number changed \ 22 Changed number 42
_
.T&
cw(18p) | lw(90p) | cw(18p) | lw(84p) | cw(18p) .
10 Destination out of order \ 27 Uncontrolled not ready 46
_
.T&
cw(18p) | lw(90p) | cw(18p) | lw(84p) | cw(18p) .
11 T{
Invalid number format (Incomplete number)
T} \ 28 T{
Selection signals procedure error
T} 22
_
.T&
cw(18p) | lw(90p) | cw(18p) | lw(84p) | cw(18p) .
12 Normal, unspecified \ 31 Not applicable
_
.T&
cw(18p) | lw(90p) | cw(18p) | lw(84p) | cw(18p) .
13 No circuit/channel available \ 34 No connection 20
_
.T&
cw(18p) | lw(90p) | cw(18p) | lw(84p) | cw(18p) .
14 Network out of order \ 38 Out of order 44
_
.T&
cw(18p) | lw(90p) | cw(18p) | lw(84p) | cw(18p) .
15 Temporary failure \ 41 Out of order 44
_
.T&
cw(18p) | lw(90p) | cw(18p) | lw(84p) | cw(18p) .
16 T{
Switching equipment congestion
T} \ 42 Network congestion 61
_
.T&
cw(18p) | lw(90p) | cw(18p) | lw(84p) | cw(18p) .
17 T{
Requested circuit or channel not available
T} \ 44 No connection 20
_
.T&
cw(18p) | lw(90p) | cw(18p) | lw(84p) | cw(18p) .
18 T{
Resources unavailable, unspecified
T} \ 47 Network congestion 61
_
.T&
cw(18p) | lw(90p) | cw(18p) | lw(84p) | cw(18p) .
19 T{
Quality of service unavailable
T} \ 49 Not applicable
_
.T&
cw(18p) | lw(90p) | cw(18p) | lw(84p) | cw(18p) .
20 T{
Bearer capability not authorized
T} \ 57 T{
Incompatible user class of service
T} 52
_
.T&
cw(18p) | lw(90p) | cw(18p) | lw(84p) | cw(18p) .
21 T{
Bearer capability not presently available
T} \ 58 Network congestion 61
_
.T&
cw(18p) | lw(90p) | cw(18p) | lw(84p) | cw(18p) .
22 T{
Service or option not available, unspecified
T} \ 63 No connection 20
_
.T&
cw(18p) | lw(90p) | cw(18p) | lw(84p) | cw(18p) .
23 T{
Bearer service not implemented
T} \ 65 Invalid facility request 48
_
.T&
cw(18p) | lw(90p) | cw(18p) | lw(84p) | cw(18p) .
24 Channel type not implemented \ 66 Invalid facility request 48
_
.T&
cw(18p) | lw(90p) | cw(18p) | lw(84p) | cw(18p) .
25 T{
Service or option not implemented, unspecified
T} \ 79 Invalid facility request 48
_
.T&
cw(18p) | lw(90p) | cw(18p) | lw(84p) | cw(18p) .
26 Invalid call reference value \ 81 Not obtainable 43
_
.T&
cw(18p) | lw(90p) | cw(18p) | lw(84p) | cw(18p) .
27 T{
Identified channel does not exist
T} \ 82 Not obtainable 43
_
.TE
.nr PS 9
.RT
.ad r
\fBTable 2\(hy4/X.30 [T6.30], p.\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ad b
.RT
.LP
.sp 1
.sp 1P
.LP
2.4.1.3
\fIAsynchronous\(hyto\(hysynchronous conversion (RA0)\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
The RA0 function is only used with asynchronous V\(hyseries
(X.20\|\fIbis\fR ) interfaces. Incoming asynchronous data is padded by
the addition of stop elements to fit the nearest channel defined by 2\un\d
times 600\ bit/s. Thus a 300\ bit/s user data signalling rate shall be
adapted to a synchronous
600\ bit/s stream. The resultant synchronous stream is fed to
RA1.
.bp
.RT
.PP
2.4.1.4
2nd step, RA1: Adaption of RA0 to the intermediate rates at
8/16\ kbit/s, see \(sc\ 2.1.1.2.
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
3rd step, RA2: Adaption of intermediate rate, to the bearer rate 64\ kbit/s,
see \(sc\ 2.1.1.3.
.sp 1P
.LP
2.4.1.5
\fIBreak signal\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
The terminal adaptor shall detect and transmit the break signal in the
following fashion:
.PP
If the convertor detects M to 2M+3 bit/s, all of Start polarity,
where\ M is the number of bits per character in the selected format including
Start and Stop bits, the converter shall transmit 2M+3\ bits of Start polarity.
.PP
If the convertor detects more than 2M\ +\ 3 bits all of Start
polarity, the converter shall transmit all these bits as Start polarity.
.PP
The 2M\ +\ 3 or more bits of Start polarity received from the
transmitting side shall be output to the receiving terminal.
.PP
The terminal must transmit on Circuit\ 103 at least 2M\ bits Stop
polarity after the Start polarity break signal before sending further data
characters. The convertor shall then regain character synchronism from the
following Stop to Start transition.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
2.4.1.6
\fIOverspeed/Underspeed\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
A Terminal Adaptor shall insert additional Stop elements when its associated
terminal is transmitting with a lower than nominal character rate. If the
terminal is transmitting characters with an overspeed of up to 1% (or
2.5% in the case of nominal speeds lower than 600\ bit/s), the
asynchronous\(hysynchronous converter may delete Stop elements as often as is
necessary to a maximum of one for every eight characters at 1% overspeed.
The converter on the receiving side shall detect the deleted Stop elements
and
re\(hyinsert them in the received data stream (Circuit\ 104).
.PP
The nominal length of the Start and Data elements shall be the same
for all characters. The length of the Stop elements may be reduced by as
much as 12.5% for nominal speeds exceeding 300\ bit/s to allow for overspeed
in the transmitting terminal. For nominal speeds less than or equal to
300\ bit/s a 25% reduction in Stop element is allowed.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
2.4.1.7
\fIParity bits\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
Possible parity bits included in the user data are considered as
data bits by the RA0 function.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
2.4.2
\fIFlow control\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
A flow control option, for use with TA supporting asynchronous
DTEs, is described in this section. Flow control allows the connection of
asynchronous DTEs operating at different user data rates by reducing the
character output of the faster to that of the slower. Support of flow control
will require the use of the end\(hyto\(hyend (TA\(hyto\(hyTA) protocol
defined in \(sc\ 2.4.2.2 and an incoming line (from network) buffer in
addition to a selected local
protocol employed. There will also be a requirement for character buffering
from the DTE interface. The size of this buffer is not defined in this
Recommendation because it is dependent upon implementation.
.PP
Local flow control of the DTE interface is required where the DTE
operates at a rate higher than the synchronous rate established between TAs.
End\(hyto\(hyend flow control is required where the synchronous rate established
between TAs is consistent with the operating rate of one DTE (or interworking
function) and higher than the synchronous rate consistent with the operating
rate of the other DTE (or interworking function). Both local and end\(hyto\(hyend
flow control could be required in some applications.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
2.4.2.1
\fILocal flow control: TA to DTE\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
Connection may be made between TAs connected to asynchronous DTEs operating
at two different speeds. It is the responsibility of the TA connected to
the faster DTE to execute a Local Flow Control protocol to reduce the
character rate to that of the slower DTE. This operation will require some
buffer storage in the TA. A TA may support several different Local Flow
Control protocols, although only one will be selected at any one time.
There are a
number of such protocols in use, some of which are detailed in the following
text.
.bp
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
2.4.2.1.1
105/106 \fIoperation\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
This is an out\(hyof\(hyband Flow Control mechanism, utilizing two of the
interchange Circuits specified in\ V.24. If a DTE requires to transmit
a
character, it turns ON Circuit\ 105 (request to send). The DTE can only begin
transmission when it receives in return Circuit\ 106 ON (ready for sending).
If, during transmission of a block of characters Circuit\ 106 goes OFF,
the DTE must cease transmission (after completing the transmission of any
character of which transmission has started) until Circuit\ 106 turns ON
again.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
2.4.2.1.2
XON/XOFF \fIoperation\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
This is an inband Flow Control mechanism using two characters of
the IA5 set for XON and XOFF operation. If a DTE receives an XOFF character,
it must cease transmission. When it receives an XON character, it may resume
transmission. The characters typically used for XON and XOFF are DC1 and DC3
(bit combination 1/1 and 1/3 in Recommendation\ T.50) respectively, although
alternative bit\(hycombinations can be used.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
2.4.2.1.3
\fIOther methods\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
Alternative and non\(hystandard methods of asynchronous flow
control are in use, and these may be mapped onto the TA flow control
protocol.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
2.4.2.2
\fIEnd\(hyto\(hyend (TA to TA) flow control:\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
Matching (by reduction) of the transmitted character rate of the
DTE to the rate of the TA is not sufficient in all cases to guarantee correct
operation, and end\(hyto\(hyend flow control may be required.
.PP
The X bit is used to carry Flow Control information. A TA will buffer incoming
characters. When the number of buffered characters exceeds a threshold
TH1, depending upon implementation, the TA will set the X\ bit of its outgoing
frames to OFF.
.PP
Upon receipt of a frame containing an X\ bit set to OFF, a TA will
execute its selected Local Flow Control procedure indicating that the attached
DTE must stop sending characters, and cease the transmission of data after
transmitting completely the characters in progress by setting the data
bits in the outgoing frames to ones.
.PP
When the buffer contents of a TA which has initiated an end\(hyto\(hyend
Flow Control drops below threshold TH2, the TA will reset the outgoing
X\ bit to ON.
.PP
When the far end TA receives a frame with the X bit set to ON, it will
recommence data transmission, and, by use of the Local Flow Control procedure,
indicate to the attached DTE that it may continue.
.PP
\fINote\fR \ \(em\ There may be a delay between initiation of the end\(hyto\(hyend
Flow Control Protocol and termination of the incoming character stream. The
characters arriving during this time must be buffered, and the total buffer
size will depend upon the character rate, round trip delay and the buffer
threshold.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
2.4.2.3
\fIUse of channel capacity\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
Upon accepting a call from a TA supporting Flow Control and
operating at a different user rate and/or intermediate rate, the called
TA will adopt the identical intermediate rate and bit repetition factor.
This will
override the parameters normally selected. In such cases, the TA connected
to the faster DTE will execute a Local Flow Control procedure to reduce
the
character rate to that of the slower DTE.
.PP
Thus, if a faster DTE calls a slower DTE, the faster intermediate
channel rate and bit repetition factor will be adopted by the TAs on both
ends. To reduce the character rate received by the slower DTE, its TA will
exercise end\(hyto\(hyend Flow Control and cause the TA on the calling
side to utilize Local Flow Control.
.PP
If a slower DTE calls a faster DTE, the slower intermediate channel
rate and bit repetition factor will be adopted by the TAs on both ends. To
reduce the character rate transmitted by the faster DTE, its TA will exercise
Local Flow Control.
.PP
If the called TA does not implement the intermediate rate and bit
repetition factor used by the calling TA, the call shall be
rejected.
.bp
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
2.4.2.4
\fIRequirements of a TA supporting Flow Control\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
The following are general requirements for a TA supporting Flow
Control:
.RT
.LP
i)
A TA supporting Flow Control shall be capable of operating
with an intermediate rate and bit repetition factor that is
independent of the asynchronous speed used at its DTE
interface.
.LP
ii)
A TA supporting Flow Control shall be capable of
recognizing the intermediate rate and bit repetition factor
required for an incoming call, and adopting it. User rate
information will be obtained from signalling.
.LP
iii)
A TA supporting Flow Control shall be capable of executing
a Local Flow Control protocol to reduce the character rate to
that of the far\(hyend DTE.
.LP
iv)
A TA supporting Flow Control will support the use of
end\(hyto\(hyend (TA\(hyto\(hyNA) Flow Control using the X\ bit, and will
contain a character buffer.
.sp 1P
.LP
2.4.3
\fIReady for data alignment\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
\fR The adaption functions relevant to bit rate adaption for steps RA1
and RA2 and the READY FOR DATA ALIGNMENT remain as described in
\(sc\ 2.1.4.
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
\fB3\fR \fBTest loops\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.PP
The maintenance concept of the X.30 TA shall comply with the
maintenance concept of the ISDN subscriber access and subscriber installation
as defined in Recommendations of the I.600\(hyseries and in Recommendation\
I.430 on ISDN subscriber access and installation maintenance. The Test
loops are
specified in those Recommendations.
.PP
The ISDN communication architecture enables communication of
maintenance information over bearer connections between network service
access points (NSAPs). Accordingly, a bearer service may be used on either
a B\ or
D\ channel to transport the protocol.
.PP
Maintenance entities can choose to communicate information about
performance management, fault management, configuration and naming
management,\ etc., using an OSI application layer protocol. The specification
of these management capabilities to be supported by TAs is for further
study.
The following concepts shall apply:
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
3.1
\fITest loop reference configuration\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
Figure 3\(hy1/X.30 shows the location of test loops within the
TA.
.RT
.LP
.rs
.sp 11P
.ad r
\fBFigure\ 3\(hy1/X.30, (N), p.\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ad b
.RT
.PP
Loop 4 shall be located close to the S/T reference point. Loop 5 shall
be located close to the R\(hyreference point. Loop\ A shall be located
close to the S/T reference point.
.sp 1P
.LP
3.2
\fITest loop characteristics\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
The test loop characteristics for loops 4, 5 and\ A are defined in Recommendations\
I.430 and the I.600\(hyseries.
.bp
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
3.3
\fILoop activation/deactivation mechanism\fR \v'3p'
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
(i)
\fITest loop 4\fR
.LP
Test loop 4 being controlled from the network side of the TA is activated
either via a layer 3\ message on the D\(hychannel or via a layer\ 1 message
on the selected B\(hychannel after a connection has been established from
the control point to the TA. Selection of the B\(hychannel to be looped
is part of the call set\(hyup procedure.
.LP
When the loop is established the following states shall
apply at the R\(hyreference point:
.LP
\(em
for the X.21 interface towards the terminal
.LP
R\ =\ 0/1 .\|.\|., i\ =\ OFF (DCE controlled not ready)
shall apply;
.LP
\(em
for the X.21\|\fIbis\fR \| interface towards the
terminal,
.LP
\(em
circuit 104 is placed in the binary 1
condition,
.LP
\(em
circuit 106, 107, 109 and 125 are placed in the
OFF condition,
.LP
\(em
circuit 142 is placed in the ON condition.
.LP
\(em
timing information is placed on circuits 114 and
115.
.LP
(ii)
\fITest loop 5\fR
.LP
For activation/deactivation of test loop 5, the
definitions as under\ (i) apply. Since the loop\ 5 is close to the R\(hyreference
point, the loop point is located within the R\(hyinterface circuitry and not
within the B\(hychannel. Due to the rate adaption mechanism the composition
of the bit stream received at the TA and the composition of the bit stream
which is
looped and sent back on the B\(hychannel may not be identical at the
S/T\ interface. At the loop point, however, the incoming and outgoing (logged)
bitstreams are identical.
.LP
When the loop is established the states as defined in X.21 for loop 2b
shall apply.
.LP
iii)
\fITest loop A\fR
.LP
Test loop A is activated/deactivated by procedures
defined in Recommendation\ X.21/X.21\|\fIbis\fR .
.LP
\fINote\fR \ \(em\ Since selection of a specific B\(hychannel is not specified
in Recommendation\ X.21/X.21 bis, the subject of B\(hychannel selection
within test loop\ A, if required, remains for further study.
.PP
\fINote\fR \ \(em\ Loop activation/deactivation (for the above 3 test loops)
can optionally as an alternative be provided manually.
.sp 1P
.LP
3.4
\fICoding of activation/deactivation control message\fR \v'3p'
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\(em
loop 4 control via B\(hy or D\(hychannel application layer
protocol: for further study;
.LP
\(em
loop 4 control via B\(hychannel layer 1 mesage: for further
study;
.LP
\(em
loop 5 control via B\(hy or D\(hychannel application layer
protocol:
for further study;
.LP
\(em
loop 5 control via B\(hychannel layer 1 message: as in
X.21/X.21\|\fIbis\fR
.LP
\(em
loop A: as in X.21/X.21\|\fIbis\fR .
.PP
\fINote\fR \ \(em\ The protocols and procedures for communicating between
the two system management application processes (SMAPs) are for
further study.
.ce 1000
ANNEX\ A
.ce 0
.ce 1000
(to Recommendation X.30)
.sp 9p
.RT
.ce 0
.ce 1000
\fBSDL diagrams\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ce 0
.LP
A.1
\fIGeneral\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.PP
In order to provide a clear and unambiguous understanding of the
protocol mapping in the TA (X.21 procedures to the ISDN signalling procedures)
a formal method is used. This annex presents a formal description using
SDL
(specification and description language) which is recommended by CCITT
(Recommendations\ Z.101\(hyZ.104).
.PP
The description supplements Figures 8/X.30 and 9/X.30.
.bp
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
A.2
\fISome remarks about the formal description\fR \v'3p'
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
a)
Because of fundamental differences in the formal description techniques
used in Recommendation\ X.21 (Annex\ A) and the one used to describe the
X.21\ TA it was not possible to realize a one\(hyto\(hyone translation
of the
\*Qstates\*U as described in Recommendation\ X.21 into the \*Qstates\*U
as described in the X.21\ TA.
.LP
However, as SDL is a method recommended by CCITT, it is
still felt appropriate to use this language.
.LP
Corresponding states from Recommendation\ X.21 are indicated as comment
in the X.21 TA description.
.LP
b)
Only the regular \fIcall control\fR \| phase and the \fIclearing\fR \|
phase of the X.21 TA are described. No time\(hyouts,\ etc. are
included.
.LP
c)
The following tasks are not shown in detail in the SDL
diagrams:
.LP
\(em
switch\(hythrough at the R\(hyside of the TA (on the
R\(hyinterface, data is internally mapped to the
B\(hychannel handler),
.LP
\(em
end\(hyto\(hyend synchronization,
.LP
\(em
the rate adaption and frame/envelope (dis)assembly
processes.
.LP
d)
In order to describe the TA, the TA is divided in three
parts, which can act simultaneously:
.LP
\(em
the R\(hyinterface side
.LP
\(em
the D\(hychannel handler on the S\(hyinterface side
.LP
\(em
the B\(hychannel handler on the S\(hyinterface side
.LP
The (ordering of the) interacting signals between R\(hyside
and S\(hyside represent the actual mapping of the R\(hyinterface
procedures to the S\(hyinterface procedures.
.PP
An explanation of the symbols used in the SDL diagrams is given in Figure\
A\(hy1/X.30.
.PP
The protocol mapping of the X.21 TA is given in Figures A\(hy2/X.30 to
A\(hy6/X.30.
.RT
.LP
.rs
.sp 29P
.ad r
Blanc
.ad b
.RT
.LP
.bp
.LP
.rs
.sp 47P
.ad r
\fBFigure A\(hy1/X.30, (M), p. 15\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ad b
.RT
.LP
.bp
.LP
.rs
.sp 47P
.ad r
\fBFigure A\(hy2/X.30 (Feuillet 1 sur 2), (MC), p. 16\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ad b
.RT
.LP
.bp
.LP
.rs
.sp 41P
.ad r
\fBFigure A\(hy2/X.30 (Feuillet 2 sur 2), (MC), p. 17\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ad b
.RT
.LP
.bp
.LP
.rs
.sp 47P
.ad r
\fBFigure A\(hy3/X.30, (M), p. 18\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ad b
.RT
.LP
.bp
.LP
.rs
.sp 47P
.ad r
\fBFigure A\(hy4/X.30, (MC), p. 19\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ad b
.RT
.LP
.bp
.LP
.rs
.sp 47P
.ad r
\fBFigure A\(hy5/X.30, (M), p. 20\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ad b
.RT
.LP
.bp
.LP
.rs
.sp 47P
.ad r
\fBFigure A\(hy6/X.30, (M), p. 21\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ad b
.RT
.LP
.bp
.ce 1000
APPENDIX\ I
.ce 0
.ce 1000
(to Recommendation X.30)
.sp 9p
.RT
.ce 0
.ce 1000
\fBUniversal terminal adaptor\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ce 0
.PP
Some Administrations may provide universal TAs for all user
rates from 600\ bit/s to 64\ kbit/s. In this case the called TA will adapt
to the data user rate of the calling TA.
.sp 1P
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
I.1
\fIUser rate identification\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.PP
I.1.1
Search for the bit pattern .\|.\|.\ 10111011\ .\|.\|. in bit 1 of
successive octets which are received from the 64\ kbit/s stream.
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
If the search is positive, then the user rate is 48 kbit/s.
.sp 1P
.LP
I.1.2
\fIIdentification of intermediate rate\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
See Appendix\ II, \(sc\ II.1.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
I.1.3
\fIUser rate identification at rates less than 48 kbit/s\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
See Appendix\ II, \(sc\ II.3.
.RT
.PP
I.1.4
The procedures for detection of a 64 kbit/s
unstructured
path
by a universal TA requires further study. However, it is recognised
that in the case of a TA supporting only 64\ kbit/s, such a procedure is not
needed.
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
\fINote\ 1\fR \ \(em\ Operations I.1.1, I.1.2 and I.1.3 may be performed
in parallel.
.PP
\fINote\ 2\fR \ \(em\ The procedure to be undertaken if
user rate
detections
is not successful requires further study.
.RT
.PP
I.2
Search for frame alignment at user rates less than 48 kbit/s, after restitution
of the intermediate rate, using the following strategy:
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
Look for the following 17 bit alignment pattern:
.LP
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1XXXXXXX
1XXXXXXX
1XXXXXXX
1XXXXXXX
1
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
1XXXXXXX
1XXXXXXX
1XXXXXXX
1XXXXXXX
.PP
No errors will be tolerated in the defined bit position shown
above. (\fINote\fR \ \(em\ \*QX\*U indicates that the condition of this
bit position has no significance for the purpose of alignment.)
.PP
It is assumed that the error rate will be sufficiently low to expect alignment
following the detection of one 80 bit multiframe.
.PP
In the case of X.1 user class of service 3 (600 bit/s) a further
search for the multiframe synchronization pattern contained in bit position
E7 shall be performed.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
I.3
\fILoss of alignment/recovery\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
Loss of alignment will be assumed following the detection of \fIN\fR \|
(provisional value: 3) consecutive frames, each with at least one alignment
bit error.
.PP
The monitoring of the alignment signal shall be a continuous process using
the same procedure as for initial alignment detection.
.PP
Following loss of the alignment, the TA shall enter a recovery
state.
.PP
If the recovery of alignment is not achieved within a fixed period,
the TA shall indicate \fIDCE not ready\fR \| by signalling r\ =\ 0, i\
=\ OFF. The
duration of this period is network dependent (as in Recommendation\ X.21,
\(sc\ 2.6.2).
.PP
If recovery is not successful further maintenance procedures might be used.
.bp
.PP
\fINote\ 1\fR \ \(em\ The implication of a user rate changing during a call
requires further study, particularly since it is not currently accommodated
by Recommendation\ X.21.
.PP
\fINote\ 2\fR \ \(em\ It is recognized that procedures for universal TA
operation cannot be implemented without a change to Recommendation\ X.21.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
I.4
\fIReady for data alignment\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
The called TA transmits \fIall zeros\fR \| until it has identified the
user rate of the calling DTE (see Figure\ I\(hy1/X.30). Thus a handshaking
procedure is performed where the calling TA will be the last to switch
through. After switching through of the calling TA, both X.21 terminals
enter the
\fIready for data\fR state.
.RT
.LP
.rs
.sp 41P
.ad r
\fBFigure I\(hy1/X.30, (M), p.\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ad b
.RT
.LP
.bp
.ce 1000
APPENDIX\ II
.ce 0
.ce 1000
(to Recommendation X.30)
.sp 9p
.RT
.ce 0
.ce 1000
\fBInslot identification of intermediate bit rate\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ce 0
.LP
II.1
\fIIdentification of intermediate rate\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.PP
The intermediate rate (16 or 8 kbit/s) is identified by
inspecting the bit sequence of position 1 and the bit sequence of position\
2 of the 64\ kbit/s octets.
.PP
If the bit sequence of position 1 contains strings of 8 to 15
continuous 0\(hybits and the bit sequence of position\ 2 contains no 0\(hybits,
the
intermediate bit rate is 8\ kbit/s.
.PP
If the bit sequences of positions 1 and 2 both contain strings of
continuous 0\(hybits with lengths of 4 or more bits, the intermediate bit
rate is 16\ kbit/s.
.PP
Irrelevant of the intermediate bit rate, positions 3 to\ 8 of the
64\ kbit/s octets must contain only 1\(hybits.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
II.2
\fIRestitution of the intermediate rate\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
The 16\ kbit/s intermediate rate can be restituted by mapping the
bits of positions 1 and 2 of each 64\ kbit/s octet onto two subsequent
bits of the 16\ kbit/s intermediate rate.
.PP
The 8 kbit/s intermediate rate can be restituted by mapping the first bit
of each 64\ kbit/s octet onto one bit of the 8\ kbit/s rate.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
II.3
\fIUser rate identification\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
For an intermediate bit rate of 16 kbit/s the user rate is
9.6\ kbit/s.
.PP
For an intermediate rate of 8 kbit/s the user rate is identified by
the coding of the E\(hybit pattern (see \(sc\ 2.1.1.2.4).
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
\fBReference\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.LP
[1]
CCITT Recommendations Z.101\(hyZ.104 \fIFunctional specification and\fR
\fIdescription language (SDL)\fR .
.LP
.rs
.sp 22P
.sp 2P
.LP
\fBMONTAGE : RECOMMANDATION X.31 SUR LE RESTE DE CETTE PAGE\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.LP
.bp